CHOLERA

CHOLERA

It is an acute diarrhoeal disease.

Agent : Vibrio cholera.

Mode of transmission :    ·   Contaminated water

• Contaminated food and drink
• Direct contact

Incubation period : Few hours to 5 days.

CLINICAL FEATURES

STAGE OF EVACUATION : Profuse painless watery diarrhea.

STAGE OF COLLAPSE : Signs of dehydration, sunken eyes, hollow cheeks, scaphoid abdomen, subnormal temp, Washerman’s hand, pulse absent.

STAGE OF RECOVERY : Patient begins to show signs of clinical improvement.

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

• Stool examination
• Examination of vomitus
• Examination of water sample
• Examination of food sample

TYPES

SEVERELY DEHYDRATED : comprise of 10% patient who require IV fluid. They should be taken to a nearby hospital as they have lost a large amount of water.

MILDLY DEHYDRATED : Comprise of 90% should be treated at home. Oral rehydration therapy is given.

CONTROL

• Verification of disease by various lab investigations
• Notifiable disease
• Early case finding – whether the case is mild, moderate or severe.
• Establishment of treatment centre
• Rehydration therapy
• Sanitary measures to be adopted
• Potable water to be used
• Proper excreta disposal
• Food should be kept under strict hygienic conditions
• Concurrent disinfection must be employed
• Health education

–    effectiveness of ORS

–    food hygiene practice

–    benefits of cooked food

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• admin |
• December 3, 2021